Diabetic Retinopathy: Understanding and Managing the Condition

 

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes, affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a progressive eye disease that can lead to blindness if not detected and treated early. In this blog, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatments for diabetic retinopathy.

What is diabetic retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy happened when high blood glucose levels cause injury to the blood vessels in the retina, at the back of the eye. The damaged blood vessels can leak blood and other fluids into the retina, causing swelling and blurred vision. Over time, new, abnormal blood vessels may grow on the retina, which can cause further vision loss and other complications.

What are the causes of diabetic retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy is caused by long-term high blood sugar levels, which can damage the blood vessels in the retina. People with uncontrolled diabetes or who have had the condition for many years are at a higher risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. Other risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and smoking.

What are the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

There may no symptoms in early stages of diabetic retinopathy. As the disease progresses, people may experience symptoms such as blurred vision, double vision, dark spots or floaters in their vision, and trouble seeing at night.

How is diabetic retinopathy diagnosed?

Diabetic retinopathy is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, including dilated eye exam, which allows the eye doctor to see the retina and blood vessels. If diabetic retinopathy is detected early, treatment can help prevent vision loss and other complications.

What are the treatments for diabetic retinopathy?

Treatment for diabetic retinopathy depends on the stage and severity of the disease. In the early stages, strict control of blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol can help slow the progression of the disease. In more advanced stages, laser treatment, injections of drugs into the eye, and surgery may be necessary to preserve vision.
In conclusion, diabetic retinopathy is a serious and potentially blinding complication of diabetes. Early detection and management of the disease can help prevent vision loss and other complications. People with diabetes should have regular comprehensive eye exams to monitor for diabetic retinopathy. If you have diabetes, work closely with your healthcare team to keep your blood sugar levels under control and protect your vision.

Dr.Muhammad Arsalan Khan
Diabetes Specialist
MBBS, Msc (Diabetes & Endocrinology) - DUHS

CCD-BMJ-AKU-RCP (London)